SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR ABSTRACT

1. Title

• Keep the title concise and informative.
• Avoid abbreviations and formulae.
• Should clearly describe the content of the article in the fewest possible words: 10 to 12 words are enough.
• The title should be specific, but not too technical.
• Capitalize the first word of the title, proper nouns, words after hyphen or colon.

Example:

2. Authors and Affiliations

• Write each author’s full name, do not include author’s degrees.
• Use superscript (numbered consecutively) after each author’s name to indicate the author’s affiliation.
• Mark (*) to indicate the corresponding author.

Example:

3. Abstract

• Should be no more than 200 words in length.
• Abstracts should briefly state the purpose of the research, methods used, primary results, and major conclusions.
• The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.
• If abbreviations are essential, they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract.

Example: Introduction/Objective(s), Method(s), Result(s), Conclusion(s)

Experimental evidence suggests that white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) can be transmitted horizontally through water, via carrier organisms and/or by cannibalism of infected shrimp, but also vertically through infected brood stock. However, the mode(s) of WSSV transmission in shrimp farming systems and the epidemiological consequences are not well understood. In this study, molecular markers have been used to analyse the spread of WSSV within and between farms in Viet Nam for two different farming systems: improved-extensive and semi-intensive. Samples were periodically obtained from twenty improved-extensive shrimp ponds and twenty-three semi-intensive shrimp ponds applying different sampling schemes. PCR-genotyping was employed using three WSSV molecular marker loci: the variable tandem repeat regions (VNTR) in ORF75, ORF94 and ORF125 (GenBank AF369029). An analysis on the combined results of all three VNTR marker loci made it possible to follow transmission pathways of WSSV in the respective shrimp farming systems. The transmission of WSSV infection on improved extensive shrimp farms appeared mainly due to the recycling of WSSV over time in the same pond, whereas in semi-intensive shrimp farms transmission of WSSV was mainly from neighbouring ponds. These findings provide important information for field applications by suggesting pathway-specific control strategies.

4. Keywords

• Provide 4 to 6 keywords that can be used for indexing purposes immediately after the abstract.
• Avoid general, plural terms and multiple concepts (e.g., and, of).
• Alphabetical order.
• Keywords are separated by comma.

Example:

Download file abstract format